
但固态发酵罐也存在很多问题,如发酵罐占地面积大,劳动强度大,质量、热传递困难,参数(如物料pH值、物料温度、物料湿度、细菌增殖、产品产量)不易检测等。
With the advancement of fermentation technology, the disadvantages of the existence of solid state fermenter are gradually overcome, and the solid fermentation of a few developed countries has achieved mechanized scale production. In recent years, my country’s solid fermentation technology has also developed, and various forms of solid material fermentation tank equipment has emerged. So far, it is impossible to determine what kind of fermentation equipment is an ideal solid material fermentation equipment. Various forms of solid material fermentation equipment has their own advantages and disadvantages. Many problems need to be studied and resolved.
现有的固态发酵罐设备主要以大池、浅板、箱体、转盘等形式为主,物料的杀菌大多与发酵过程割裂开来,发酵过程中大多采用自然通风,生产能力小,杀菌环境不易控制,菌类污染率高。
什么是 固态发酵罐:
固态发酵是指一种或多种微生物在一定湿度的水下溶解性固体底物中,以一定湿度的水溶性固体底物为原料,进行发酵的生物反应过程。从生物反应过程的本质来看,固态发酵是以气体为连续相的生物反应过程。固态发酵具有操作简单、能耗低、发酵过程容易控制、无菌要求相对较低、不易产生大规模污染等优点。
A fungi is the most commonly used microorganisms in solid state fermentation. Because its mycelium is like a plant’s root, it can grow on the solid surface and penetrate into the matrix to produce a variety of extracellular enzymes. Compared with other single -cell bacteria and yeast, More suitable for solid fermentation environments.

2、固态发酵罐的工作原理:
微生物生长在潮湿、不溶水的基质中发酵,固态发酵过程中不含任何自由水。随着微生物产生的自由水增多,固态发酵的范围扩大到粘稠发酵和固体颗粒悬浮发酵。可以认为各个细胞之间的生长环境可能并不相同,为了提高培养效率,采用增加表面积的方法。
实验室一般采用伊文思、库尔提维尔、三角瓶、凯什瓶等,工厂多采用弧形板、帘子、通风调池等。特别是在霉菌的培养上,仍多采用固体培养法曲。因选用麸皮等农副产品为原料,价格低廉,其颗粒表面积大,疏松通风,原料易得,故酿酒业常用。但由于大规模表面培养技术还存在许多困难,在发酵生产方面,多采用液体表面培养,多可用液体深层培养法代替。
固态发酵罐用途:
微菌接种于固体培养基表面生长繁殖的方法称为固体培养法,是表面培养的一种,广泛用于培养优良微生物,如平板培养用于观察或保存微生物形态,平板培养用于平板分离或活细胞计数等。
固态发酵罐适用于固态样品、有机废弃物、天然或受污染的固体样品、泥浆的降解研究,也适用于微生物快速降解的评价,可快速优化工艺条件,并可产生酶产物及其他生物活性的合成。
目前传统发酵行业多采用固态发酵法,例如酱油的生产,从菌种的培养到曲度,再到发酵,都采用固态发酵法,发酵条件相对开放,工艺简单,设备要求简单,成本相对较低。虽然也有部分厂家采用深层液体发酵,但在口感上明显无法与固态发酵相比。
再比如在食醋生产中,固态发酵有利于提高醋的风味,食醋的酿造工艺主要分为两种,全固态发酵,先液态再固态发酵,固态发酵醋相较于液态发酵醋,富含有机酸、氨基酸及各种风味,口感和营养成分赢得了越来越多消费者的青睐。
目前纯粮全固态发酵醋总销量为5%,随着消费结构升级,消费需求拉动,纯固态发酵醋增量接近20%,以350万吨的总产销量计算,纯固态发酵醋市场占有率将由17.5万吨增长至70万吨,增长空间巨大,市场前景广阔。

发展趋势及 固态发酵罐的应用前景
At present, many industrial and agricultural residues and urban domestic garbage have become the public harm of people, which has a adverse effect on human living environment. Solid -state fermentation technology can be used as a large amount of substrates to produce chemical substances in a variety of industrial and agricultural residues. It is in the laboratory in the laboratory During the research stage, solid -state fermentation is considered to be the most promising way to comprehensively use renewable resources, and it is an effective means to solve the “three major” crisis facing the current human beings. Therefore, the solid state fermenter as the carrier of solid -state fermentation technology also has corresponding good prospects.